国土空间用途的权衡决策方法研究

研究目的:探索国土空间用途冲突协调路径,为中国"多规合一"及国土空间规划提供理论与方法指导。研究方法:在分析冲突根源的基础上建立国土空间权衡决策模型,构建"战略理性+技术理性+沟通理性"的国土空间权衡决策模式,并以丰县为例开展实证研究。研究结果:(1)国土空间利用的冲突本质上是利益相关者之间的利益冲突,只有利益权衡,没有利益优化;(2)国土空间权衡决策准则、国土空间价值评估、价值权衡和沟通定权共同组成国土空间权衡决策模式;(3)实证研究表明:经济发展战略下丰县镇村、农业、生态空间占比分别为18.51%、74.20%、7.29%,粮食安全战略下占比分别为16.07%、76.66%、7.27%,生态文明战略下占比分别为17.88%、69.06%、13.06%,权衡结果较合理。研究结论:国土空间权衡决策受国家战略驱动、以沟通为基础、以技术为手段,可有效解决国土空间用途冲突问题。     

Why Distinguish Between Statistics and Mathematical Statistics–The Case of Swedish Academia

A separation between the academic subjects statistics and mathematical statistics has existed in Sweden almost as long as there have been statistics professors. The same distinction has not been maintained in other countries. Why has it been kept for so long in Sweden, and what consequences may it have had? In May 2015, it was 100 years since Mathematical Statistics was formally established as an academic discipline at a Swedish university where Statistics had existed since the turn of the century. We give an account of the debate in Lund and elsewhere about this division during the first decades after 1900 and present two of its leading personalities. The Lund University astronomer (and mathematical statistician) C. V. L. Charlier was a leading proponent for a position in mathematical statistics at the university. Charlier's adversary in the debate was Pontus Fahlbeck, professor in political science and statistics, who reserved the word statistics for ‘statistics as a social science’. Charlier not only secured the first academic position in Sweden in mathematical statistics for his former PhD student Sven Wicksell but also demonstrated that a mathematical statistician can be influential in matters of state, finance as well as in different natural sciences. Fahlbeck saw mathematical statistics as a set of tools that sometimes could be useful in his brand of statistics. After a summary of the organisational, educational and scientific growth of the statistical sciences in Sweden that has taken place during the last 50 years, we discuss what effects the Charlier–Fahlbeck divergence might have had on this development.     

Challenges faced by world tourism cities – London’s perspective

World tourism cities perform multiple functions and exhibit various characteristics that influence tourism development within their boundaries. They are the main gateway for tourists visiting a country and their success has a direct impact on the visitor economy of that destination. London, the focus of this research, has been one of the world’s top tourism cities for many years, and a key gateway for domestic and international visitors. But despite the important role tourism plays in the economy of the city, there is limited research on the development of this activity in the capital. Using London as an exploratory case study, this paper contributes to better understanding the challenges faced by policy makers when planning and managing tourism in world cities. The adopted research method offers the advantage of gathering insightful information using multiple data collection techniques. Examining this new evidence contributes to expanding the knowledge on the particularities of tourism development in one of the top world cities, which could help policy makers in their efforts to better prepare for potential challenges faced by these complex but important destinations.     

Are firms ready to use big data analytics to create value? The role of structural and psychological readiness

In this study, we leverage Information Technology (IT) readiness literature and resource-based view (RBV) to investigate the impact of firm structural and psychological readiness on firm value creation, as mediated by big data analytics usage. The proposed research model is empirically validated using survey data from 179 senior IT managers. The findings demonstrate the importance of both structural (i.e. IT infrastructure capability, tools functionality, employee analytical capability, and bigness of data) and psychological readiness (i.e. IT proactive climate) in enhancing firm value creation through big data analytics usage. These results provide interesting theoretical and practical insights.     

泸县农村宅基地有偿使用制度改革效果评价

[目的]宅基地有偿使用制度研究有利于推进宅基地制度改革,缓解无偿无限期带来的土地超占乱占和闲置问题。[方法]文章运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对2016年和2018年泸县农村宅基地有偿使用制度改革政策效果进行评价。[结果]政策的开展能有效推进村民自治建设进程,但政策的实施要注重公开透明性;有偿使用政策能有效缓解一户多宅、低效闲置、超占乱占等土地浪费现象实现土地的节约集约利用;政策的实施能有效地改善基础设施和农村面貌,但对泸县生产方式转变、新业态发展、农户生活水平提升影响力较小;总体来看农户对有偿使用政策满意度和支持度较高。[结论]针对当前有偿使用制度改革,该文认为宅基地有偿使用制度改革还应该完善有偿使用费收取管理政策,增强政策执行透明度;注重基层队伍建设,实现有偿使用费保值增值;合理选择安置模式,发展农村新业态;加强宅基地有偿使用与有偿退出的高效联动,推进宅基地制度改革进程。     

Small system dynamics model for alleviating the general practitioners rural care gap in Ontario,Canada

The disproportionate concentration of healthcare professionals in urban areas is a concern in many countries, including Canada. A need to address this rural care gap has driven a large number of government led initiatives worldwide over the years. This paper presents a model that can be used as a tool to examine the efficacy of such policies on the workforce distribution in the long term. A small system dynamics model is employed to simulate the current and future distribution of general physicians at a jurisdictional level. The model represents the transition of general practitioners to provide insight into the dynamics of care provision over time. The movement, and competition, between rural and urban areas is modeled to enable detailed exploration of the ability for proposed measures to alleviate the care gap in the future. Among the tested policies are such commonly used initiatives as financial incentives to rural professionals, promotion of medical education in rural areas, expansion of rural education programs and the engagement of international medical graduates etc. We demonstrate how the model can be used as a tool to determine an efficient and well-chosen combination of policies which can help alleviate the rural care gap in the future, given that some policies are more effective than others alone but also combined with other initiatives. The presented small system dynamics model is tested on Canada's reality, but its simple nature lends itself to easy application to other countries that experience a similar problem.     

Public pollution abatement and wage inequality

This paper constructs three-sector general equilibrium models to investigate how public pollution abatement affects the skilled–unskilled wage inequality. In the basic model with full employment, we find that a higher degree of public pollution abatement will decrease the wage inequality if the intensity of skilled labor in the urban skilled sector is sufficiently large and expand or narrow down the wage gap if this intensity is sufficiently small. In the extended models, we consider other four cases, and obtain the results similar or dissimilar to that of the basic model.     

试论土壤调查、土地类型与耕地评价兼论倪绍祥先生的土地评价思想

目的 以倪绍祥先生土地评价思想概括和我国土壤普查、土地类型述评为依据，探讨我国耕地评价工作完善路径和方向。方法 文章采用文献研究和对比分析方法。结果 （1）倪先生经过多年研究实践，形成以土壤调查为前提的，土地类型单元为基础，开展土地评价的系统思想。（2）我国土壤调查、土地类型工作中断，致使农用地分等定级、土地质量地球化学等工作缺乏扎实的数据基础，使得现有的耕地评价成果难以满足新时代耕地资源“三位一体”保护要求，也妨害国家对自然资源的科学管理。（3）国家生态文明建设、国土资源科技创新和自然资源管理机构职责整合等宏观背景，客观上要求将土地评价与土壤类型、土地类型相联系，夯实耕地评价的科学基础，创新耕地质量评价体系。（4）科学组织第三次土壤普查，服务于耕地评价实践，将土壤资源融入自然资源统一管理成为必然趋向。结论 倪绍祥先生有关土地评价思想，对于完善我国土地评价理论和方法体系，创新性开展第三次土地利用现状调查中的耕地质量调查专题，适应自然资源统一管理新形势具有重要借鉴价值。亟需科学组织新的土壤普查和土地类型调查研究，更新完善原有的土壤资源图和报告，深化中小尺度的土地类型调查研究，不仅深化人们对土地资源的客观认识，也为新的耕地质量评价提供客观、科学、高精度的数据基础提供可能。     

基于底线预警的国土空间生态修复规划实施监督体系研究

国土空间生态修复是推进生态文明建设的重大举措，构建基于底线预警的国土空间生态修复规划实施监督体系是完善国土空间规划“一张图”信息系统的重要组成部分和政策支撑。通过对生态修复规划实施监督体系建设的研究，把握底线控制与监测预警机制，对接国土空间生态修复业务管理各项需求，搭建“五梯度四体系”的生态修复规划动态监测实施监督信息系统，构建以“七个一”为主要内容的生态修复规划底线预警监测评估机制，并与各层级国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统进行衔接，实现对生态修复规划实施的动态监测和预警。     

The income elasticity gap and its implications for economic growth and tourism development: the Balearic vs the Canary Islands

ABSTRACT

The Balearic and the Canary Islands are two well-known tourism-led economies. They both experienced a tourism boom during the same decades, and, hence, they developed a similar productive-mix. Nevertheless, there are strong economic differences between the two regions. While the Balearic Islands enjoy a high GDP per capita, the Canary Islands show a more modest performance. The results of a panel data regression confirm our hypothesis that they differ substantially in terms of income elasticity of tourism. It is two times higher in the Balearic Islands than in the Canaries, which indicates the first is perceived as a more luxurious destination. Furthermore, the results of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model show that the Canaries would converge in GDP per capita with the Balearic Islands if they attracted tourists with a similar profile as the latter.